Nasal disease rhinosinusitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the walls of the nasal sinuses with spreading of the pathological process to the perinasal sinuses and nasal cavity. Nasal disease rhinosinusitis is a mass disease that is transmitted by airborne droplets in adults and children. Rhinosinusitis is divided into several types, depending on the severity of the clinical picture.

Factors that trigger rhinosinusitis

The main cause of rhinosinusitis is rhinitis that is not cured on time. Factors provoking the development of the disease include:

• abnormalities of the structure of the nasal septum or its acquired deformation;
• the penetration of viral microflora into the sinuses or oral cavity;
• incorrect technique for cleansing the sinuses from mucus with rhinitis;
• the presence of pathogenic bacteria;
• contact of the nasal mucosa with pathogenic fungi;
• allergic reactions;
• weakened immunity;
• chronic rhinitis;
• poor environmental conditions in the place of residence.

Signs and varieties of the disease

Symptoms of acute rhinosinusitis:

• nasal congestion;
• severe pain in the head;
• fever;
• discharge from the sinuses with purulent contents;
• cough;
• deterioration of general condition;
• noise in ears;
• decrease in the acuity of smell, sometimes its complete loss.

The signs of chronic rhinosinusitis are the same, only their intensity is sometimes reduced. Symptoms of polypoid rhinosinusitis are aggravated by the presence of polyps in the sinuses, which leads to severe swelling of the mucosa and complete blockage of breathing.

In children and adults, rhinosinusitis has similar symptoms, with the only difference being that in children, rhinosinusitis symptoms have a pronounced intensity. Children suffer the disease in harder forms due to the unformed immune system. The following types of this disease are distinguished:

• acute rhinosinusitis – the symptoms of the disease are acute, the duration of the disease is about 30 days;
• subacute sinusitis – lasts up to 90 days;
• recurrent rhinosinusitis – a periodic manifestation of acute symptoms of the disease several times a year, the duration of a relapse is up to 10-15 days;
• chronic rhinosinusitis – the disease lasts more than 3 months.

Therapy of rhinosinusitis

Symptoms of rhinosinusitis in children in the initial stages of the disease have similar symptoms with the common cold, which is why parents treat the disease on their own, leading to its significant worsening. Before treating the disease, it is necessary to consult a doctor. Treatment of rhinosinusitis in adults, in the presence of complications and risks of developing a chronic stage, is carried out with antibiotics.

Treatment of acute sinusitis is symptomatic. To reduce the swelling in sinus mucosa, vasoconstrictive drops are prescribed. Physiotherapy methods that are performed in rhinosinusitis are laser therapy, magnet therapy. In children, treatment of rhinosinusitis to prevent the development of complications involves the rinsing of the sinuses from the contents. Treatment of rhinosinusitis in children with antibiotic drugs is carried out only if there is an accumulation of purulent masses.

Treatment of chronic sinusitis is also symptomatically performed using physiotherapy. An obligatory measure of the treatment of rhinosinusitis is the intake of vitamin complexes to activate the protective functions of the immune system. A patient with a chronic form of the disease is prescribed antibiotic therapy.

Treatment of rhinosinusitis prevents the development of serious consequences. Self-medication of the disease is excluded, traditional medical methods can be used only as additional ones.